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Engineering continuous inhomogeneous permittivity profiles with additive manufacturing and spatially variant lattices

Inhomogeneous dielectric devices are notoriously difficult to manufacture. In this work we employ the spatially variant lattices algorithm to engineer substrates with linear effective permittivity profiles and apply them to the design of dielectric resonator antennas. This method is valuable to unlock the full potential of additive manufacturing in antenna and microwave engineering.

3D Printable Synthetic Metasurface to Realize 2D Beam-Steering Antenna

Phase gradient metasurfaces (PGMs) with customized electromagnetic responses have made them suitable for beam-steering antenna technology potential for satellite communications. However, the capability of PGMs cannot be fully utilized in physical prototypes using commercial off-the-shelf materials that come with preset effective permittivity and permeability. This article presents radio-frequency (RF) transparent synthetic PGMs made of sub-wavelength-sized 3D printable meta-atoms with tailored permittivity that cannot be achieved with off-the-shelf, commercially available materials. Such PGM can be fabricated in a single step, eliminating the tedious machining or bonding typically required in multilayered thin metasurfaces. The antenna system employing PGMs provides a peak directivity of 19.9 dBi with a maximum conical scanning angle of 114o and less than 3 dB directivity variations.

Analytic Approximation of In-Body Path Loss for Implanted Antennas

Implantable bioelectronic devices predominantly use wireless links for communication and/or power transfer. The proposed closed-form approximation gives a quick assessment of the inevitable losses due to the lossy body over the shortest wireless link, specifically addressing near-field losses. This approach is valuable in the initial design stages of implantable antennas.

Recent Articles

Uncertainty Analysis Methodology for Measurements of Dynamic Millimeter-Wave Channels
01 August 2023 Robbert Schulpen, A. Bart Smolders, Ulf Johannsen, and L. A. Bronckers present a novel uncertainty analysis methodology to quantify uncertainties of condensed parameters in measurements of dynamic millimeter-wave channels. The bandwidth limitation and multipath threshold are identified as important impairments. Therefore, the methodology provides three uncertainty metrics for condensed parameters, namely a standard uncertainty to quantify the impact of random variations; a bias due to the multipath threshold; and a total bias including the impact of the bandwidth limitation.
Design of a Compact 4-Element GNSS Antenna Array With High Isolation Using a Defected Ground Structure (DGS) and a Microwave Absorber
25 July 2023 Abdullah Madni, and Wasif Tanveer Khan presents a compact (125 mm diameter) wideband 4-element antenna array with a high isolation level for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) applications. The array consists of four right hand circularly polarized (RHCP) single feed rectangular patch antennas that can cover BeiDou B1 band (1561.098 MHz), GPS L1 band (1575.42 MHz), Galileo E1 band (1575.42 MHz) and GLONASS G1 band (1602 MHz) of the GNSS upper L-band (1559 - 1610 MHz). The proposed array has a wide frequency bandwidth of 80 MHz with an axial ratio of less than 3 dB. The patch elements are designed on a substrate which has a high dielectric constant to achieve a compact size.
A Study on mm-Wave Propagation in and Around Buildings
20 July 2023 Leonardo Possenti, Marina Barbiroli, Enrico M. Vitucci, Franco Fuschini, Mattia Fosci, and Vittorio Degli-Esposti analyze in depth the peculiar characteristics of mm-wave propagation, joint measurement and simulation campaigns in indoor and outdoor microcellular environments. The investigation highlights that the assumption that mm-wave NLoS connectivity is hardly feasible is not necessarily true as significant reflections, scattering and even transmission mechanisms can provide good NLoS coverage in the considered indoor and outdoor scenarios. This is also reflected in the limited angle-spread differences between LoS and NLoS locations in some cases.
Dual-Port RHCP Compact Antenna at 868 MHz Using a 120° Hybrid Coupler
19 July 2023 Fabien Ferrero, and Le Huy Trinh present the design of a compact dual-port circularly polarized antenna based on the new coupler topology. The antenna can radiate a right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) in two opposite directions depending on the input port. In the proposed structure, the radiating system has three inverted F antennas connected to a 120° hybrid coupler. The modeling and design of the 5-ports hybrid coupler are described and experimentally validated.
Compact U6G Massive MIMO Antenna Arrays With Double-Layer Partial Reflective Decoupling Layers for Mutual Coupling Suppression
18 July 2023 Ting Liu, Jiayue Jiang, Luyu Zhao, Ge Zhao, Huiqing Zhai, Yuan-Ming Cai, Teyan Chen, and Wenwei Xu utilize a systematic decoupling strategy of two partial reflective decoupling layers (PRDLs) and dummy decoupling probes (DDPs) to suppress the complicated couplings in a ±45° dual-polarized, compact antenna array operating at Upper 6 GHz (U6G, 6425–7125 MHz) bands. Finely engineered neutralization electromagnetic waves are introduced by two PRDLs to counteract the original couplings. Two layers of PRDLs are placed above the antenna array in a step-by-step manner to gradually cancel out several major couplings while DDPs are placed around the antenna elements to reduce the remaining couplings.
Wide-Angle Beam Scanning Phased Array Antennas: A Review
18 July 2023 Ming Li, Shu-Lin Chen, Yanhui Liu, and Y. Jay Guo investigate and discuss several challenges that hinder wide-angle beam scanning (WABS) for conventional phased array antennas (PAAs), including the strong mutual coupling, narrow beamwidth of the element antenna, etc. in this review. They then review and summarize a variety of innovative techniques to overcome these challenges, and analyze potential research gaps of WABS PAAs for future emerging applications.
Airborne Reflector-Based Ground Penetrating Radar for Environmental and Archaeological Studies
17 July 2023 Zayed Mohammad, and Andrew M. Chrysler design and propose a wideband airborne reflector-based ground penetrating radar (GPR). It consists of 15 discrete panels, each panel supported by a single multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A lightweight, wideband Vivaldi antenna was developed as the feed structure. The antenna operates within the frequency range of 100–500 MHz and has a bandwidth of 387 MHz. The proposed antenna will possess a penetration depth of 2 m.
Feed Integration and Packaging of a Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array
17 July 2023
Matthew W. Nichols, Stavros Koulouridis, Satheesh B. Venkatakrishnan, Elias A. Alwan, and John L. Volakis present and demonstrat a novel approach for integrating a wideband vertically fed antenna array at Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) frequencies. Specifically, a novel cost-effective Antenna-In-Package (AiP) fabrication approach is presented, then a prototype operating from 55 GHz to 64 GHz is built while predicted performance is verified via measurements. This approach relies on separating fabrication into
1. the array and
2. the back-end feeding board.
Assembly of the various components is achieved through several precision microfabrication steps utilizing a Ball-Grid-Array (BGA) technology with thermally stable conductive solder paste.
A 3-D Printed Ultra-Wideband Achromatic Metalens Antenna
17 July 2023 Yu-Xuan Xie, Geng-Bo Wu, Wen-Qiang Deng, Shu-Yan Zhu, and Chi Hou Chan propose a millimeter-wave achromatic metalens antenna using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to reduce the dispersion effect and enlarge its bandwidth. The proposed ultra-wideband achromatic metalens antenna consists of a convex-liked metalens (VLM) and a concave-liked metalens (CLM) integrated as a metalens group.
A Technique to Realize Aperture Coupled Microstrip Patch as a Truly Low Cross-Polar Antenna by Mitigating the Major Issues Over its Skewed Radiation Planes
14 July 2023 Sk Rafidul, Chandrakanta Kumar, and Debatosh Guha address and resolve the limitation of the low cross-polarized (XP) radiations of aperture-fed microstrip patch by introducing a pair of additional printed loops adjacent to the radiating patch.Detailed investigations leading to the design insight have been presented. A C-band rectangular patch promises as much as 7 dB suppression in the diagonal plane XP level keeping the overall performance across the principal radiation planes unchanged.